1860s

Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century

Decades: 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s

Years: 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869


Events and Trends World Leaders


In the News

Understanding Malarial Parasites
Scientists have constructed a chaperon interaction network for the parasite which provides, for the first time, a rational basis for the antimalarial effect of known drugs and highlights new proteins that can potentially be used in the fight against malaria.

Fine-tuning Treatments For Depression
New research clarifies how neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, are regulated -- a finding that may help fine-tune therapies for depression.

New Nanoparticle Vaccine Is Both More Effective And Less Expensive
Good news for public health: Bioengineering researchers have developed and patented a nanoparticle that can deliver vaccines more effectively, with fewer side effects, and at a fraction of the cost of current vaccine technologies.

Quantum Computer Chips Now One Step Closer To Reality
In the quest for smaller, faster computer chips, researchers are increasingly turning to quantum mechanics -- the exotic physics of the small. The problem: the manufacturing techniques required to make quantum devices have been equally exotic. That is, until now.

Specter Of Possible Harm Threatens Nanotech Development, Experts Say
Society is in danger of squandering the powerful potential of nanotechnology due to a lack of clear information about its risks, conclude 14 top international scientists in a major paper published in the Nov. 16 issue of the journal Nature. The paper, "Safe Handling of Nanotechnology,"identifies Five Grand Challenges for research on nanotechnology risk that must be met if the technology is to reach its full promise.

New Options In 'Personalized'Cancer Treatment And Prevention
Molecular diagnostics promises to provide new strategies for tailoring therapies to fit the needs of each cancer patient's unique biology. Researchers can now fine-tuned the treatment of a number of different cancer types, including lung and ovarian, based on the genetic profile of the patient's tumors.

Could Adenine From Interstellar Dust Have Triggered Life On Earth? Els
Some of the elements necessary to support life on Earth are widely known - oxygen, carbon and water, to name a few. Just as important in the existence of life as any other component is the presence of adenine, an essential organic molecule. Without it, the basic building blocks of life would not come together. Scientists have been trying to find the origin of Earth's adenine and where else it might exist in the solar system. The answer might be interstellar dust clouds. The same clouds that might have showered young Earth with adenine, could have showered any number of other planets as well.

gladwell.com
Official site for Malcolm Gladwell, staff writer for the New Yorker magazine and author of "The Tipping Point"and "Blink."Features an archive of his articles going back to 1996, on topics such as plagiarism, personality tests, shopping malls, airline safety, prescription drugs, caffeine, and even ketchup.

Five iPhone Apps That Replace Bike Hardware
The iPhone has proved to be rather adept at replacing other pieces of hardware. The combination of portability, a big screen that allows it to mimic any interface and an open (ish) App Store means that we are continually surprised at what people are making it do. Today, it’s the turn of the bicycle.


Method Holds Promise In Identifying Markers Of Non-metastatic Vs. Meta
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego have used a new strategy to identify differences between non-metastatic and highly metastatic breast cancer cells. The article by Valerie Montel et al., "Expression profiling of primary tumors and matched lymphatic and lung metastases in a xenogeneic breast cancer model,"appears in the May 2005 issue of The American Journal of Pathology and is accompanied by a commentary.




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