Botswana

The Republic of Botswana is a landlocked nation of southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent on September 30, 1966. The economy, closely tied to South Africa's, is dominated by cattle raising and mining. The capital is Gaborone.

Much of the material in these articles comes from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.



In the News

Novel Radiofrequency Treatment Shows Promise For Lumbar Pain
Intradiscal biacuplasty is an effective procedure to treat chronic discogenic pain, report researchers at the 23rd annual meeting of the American Academy of Pain Medicine in New Orleans. Improvement in pain scores and functional capacity can be observed much earlier with intradiscal biacuplasty than with intradiscal electrothermal therapy suggesting some additional or/and different mechanisms of action.

The Cultures and History of America: The Jay I. Kislak Collection at t
This is "an exhibition featuring fifty highlights from the rare books, maps, documents, paintings, prints, and artifacts that make up the Jay I. Kislak Collection at the Library of Congress. The exhibition focuses on the early Americas from the time of the indigenous people of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean through the period of European contact, exploration, and settlement."The site includes an online exhibition and a bibliography.

People With Genetic Predictors Of Colorectal Cancer Are Not Getting Sc
Even when diagnosed with a condition that is a strong genetic predictor of colorectal cancer, many patients do not seek out genetic counseling or cancer screening. According to a recent study in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, counseling and screening rates could be improved if physicians provided stronger encouragement and more complete information about the benefits of screening to their patients.

Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer Success To Provide New Understanding
Over its ten months of operation, the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) has gathered data for a total of 30 solar flares, giving the most accurate measurements to date of magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium and iron in the lunar surface.

Lack Of VEGF Can Cause Defects Similar To Dry Macular Degeneration
Scientists have found that when the eye is missing a diffusible form of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), i.e. one that when secreted can reach other cells at a distance, the retina shows defects similar to "dry" macular degeneration.

Carnegie Mellon's Sandstorm Robot Makes Unprecedented 200-mile Autonom
Carnegie Mellon University's Sandstorm robot drove an unprecedented 200 miles in seven hours without human guidance in preparation for the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, a 175-mile driverless desert race with a $2 millon winner-take-all prize.

Overcoming Dyslexia: Timing Of 'Connections'In Brain Is Key
Using new software developed to investigate how the brains of dyslexic children are organized, researchers have found that key areas for language and working memory involved in reading are connected differently in dyslexics than in children who are good readers and spellers. However, a three-week instructional program can normalize those connections.

[Scary] Pregnant woman says 'maternal instinct' helped her kill attack
FORT MITCHELL, Ky. - A pregnant woman who killed her attacker said a maternal instinct helped her fight off the woman who investigators believe was after her unborn child."I do believe that I fought harder because it was for my child,"Sarah Brady told ABC's "Good Morning America"in interviews aired Sunday and Monday. "It is a maternal instinct to protect your child to the very end."Katherine Smith, 22, died Thursday after luring Brady to her apartment to pick up a package supposedly delivered to the wrong address. When Smith pulled out a knife and attacked the pregnant woman, Brady fought back, striking Smith on the head with an ash tray and stabbing her three times with her own knife, police said. Brady, 26, said she didn't know Smith before the two met at Smith's apartment and can't be certain why Smith wanted to kill her."I really am not sure what was going through her mind,"Brady told ABC. "The only thing I thought was that she was going to kill me and my child and that is the only thing that ran through my mind."

Leading Cause Of Death In 'Preemies'Might Be Controlled By Resetting A
Blocking signals from a key molecular receptor that normally switches on the intestine's immune response but instead becomes too intense in the presence of stress and toxins may help reverse necrotizing enterocolitis, a leading cause of death in premature newborns.

Insects To Solve Crimes
Insects make up more than half of the known animal species on our planet and they can be found in all kinds of habitat and feed on all kinds of nutrients. They can even be used in evidence in court cases. Forensic entomology involves drawing up a census of insect species of forensic interest. These are basically necrophagous diptera, i.e., flies that live on dead tissue or cadavers.




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