Bribery

Bribery is the corrupt practice of inducing a person to act contrary to accepted or moral behavior, by promising or giving a reward or inducement, often a financial one. For example, a motorist may bribe a police officer not to issue a ticket for speeding, a citizen seeking paperwork or utility line connections may bribe a functionary for faster service, a construction company may bribe a civil servant to award a contract, or a narcotics smuggler may bribe a judge to lessen criminal penalties. In some cases, the briber holds a powerful role and controls the transaction; in other cases, a bribe may be effectively extracted from the person paying it.

Bribery is usually illegal. A gray area may exist when payments to smooth transactions are made. In some countries, this practice is the norm. United States law is particularly strict in limiting the ability of businesses to pay for the awarding of contracts, but allows for facilitation payments.

Bribery often results from the fact that a developing nation does not have the tax structure to pay civil servants an adequate salary. Nevertheless most economists regard bribery as a bad thing because it encourages rent seeking.

Bribery of disc jockeys to play selected musical artists, a practice engaged in by certain record companies, is called payola.



In the News

NYU Researchers Simulate Molecular Biological Clock
Researchers at New York University have developed a model of the intra-cellular mammalian biological clock that reveals how rapid interaction of molecules with DNA is necessary for producing reliable 24-hour rhythms. They also found that without the inherent randomness of molecular interactions within a cell, biological rhythms may dampen over time.

Researchers Discover Gut Tissue To Be A Major Reservoir Harboring HIV
UCLA researchers have found the human gut to be a major reservoir harboring the HIV virus -- holding almost twice as much as a person's blood. In addition, the virus stored in the gut does not decay or reduce over time, as is also the case with blood-related reservoirs.

Harvard Team Creates Spray Drying Technique For TB Vaccine
Bioengineers and public health researchers have developed a novel spray drying method for preserving and delivering the most common tuberculosis (TB) vaccine. The spray drying process could one day provide a better approach for vaccination against TB and help prevent the related spread of HIV/AIDS in the developing world.

Summer Babies More Likely To Become Short-sighted Adults
Does a summertime baby mean a myopic child? If your child is born in the winter or fall, it will have better long-range eyesight throughout its lifetime and less chance of requiring thick corrective glasses, predicts a scientist studying the correlation between birth month the vision problems. According to their study of 300,000 young adults, babies born in June and July had a 24% greater chance of becoming severely myopic than those born in December and January. The investigators say that this evidence is likely applicable to babies born anywhere in the world.

Delay In Autumn Color Caused By Increased Carbon Dioxide Not Global Wa
The delay in autumnal leaf coloration and leaf fall in trees is caused by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and not by increased global temperatures according to a new study. In recent years, woodland autumnal color changes have been occurring later in the season whilst re-greening in spring has been occurring earlier.

The Encyclopedia of Diderot &d'Alembert: Collaborative Translation Pro
"This site has been designed to make accessible to teachers, students, and other interested English-language readers translations of articles from the Encyclopédie edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert in the 18th century."Articles are browsable (by translated title, original title, or subject) and searchable (with options for Boolean, proximity, and bibliography searches). Also provides original French articles. From the University of Michigan Library and the Digital Library Extension Service (DLXS).

Chronic Epilepsy Decreases Brain Cell Production In Critical Learning
While epilepsy has long been thought to boost production of new brain cells (neurons) as a means of repairing injury, a new study shows that chronic seizures actually decrease new neuron production in the brain's learning and memory center.

UW-Madison Tools Help Track Hurricane Ophelia
As Hurricane Ophelia is set to make landfall on the North Carolina coast on Wednesday or Thursday (Sept. 14 or 15), analysis techniques developed by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Tropical Cyclones group in the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies are helping to predict the anticipated path of the storm.

Beyond the Fire: Teen Experiences of War
This Web presentation "introduces the real-life stories of 15 teenagers, now living in the U.S., who have survived war in seven war zones."Listen to or read transcripts of the stories of teens from Somalia, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Iraq. Includes materials for educators, such as lesson plans and conflict timelines, and links to related sites. From Independent Lens and the Independent Television Service (ITVS).

Irrational Decisions Driven By Emotions
Irrational behavior arises as a consequence of emotional reactions evoked when faced with difficult decisions, according to new research at UCL (University College London), funded by the Wellcome Trust. The UCL study suggests that rational behaviour may stem from an ability to override automatic emotional responses, rather than an absence of emotion per se.


MP3 Music Downloads

Preview songs, Download Free Music,Burn CDs at ITunes.com
iTunes_RGB_9mm

 


Google




InformationQuickFind.com - Find Information Fast

Links