Circular error probable

In the military science of ballistics, circular error probable is a simple measure of a weapon system's precision.

The impact of munitions near the target tends to be normally distributed around the aim point, with most reasonably close, progressively fewer and fewer further away, and very few indeed at long distance.

A mathematician might characterise this pattern by its standard deviation, but a more intuitive method is to state the radius of a circle within which 50% of rounds will land. That radius is the circular error probable, commonly abbreviated to CEP.

For most weapons, the CEP increases with range, so it should either be stated for a particular range, or as an angle.

In the case of munitions which strike at a shallow angle to the Earth's surface, the pattern will become elongated into an ellipse. This can be thought of as the ellipse formed by the plane of the Earth's surface intersecting a cone of error. In this case, the CEP is usually given as what it would be if the rounds impacted the surface vertically, and it must be remembered that at shallow trajectories it will be elongated.

It should be noted that the concept of CEP is only strictly meaninglful if misses are roughly normally distributed. This is generally not true for precision-guided munitions.

Another important thing to remember about CEP is that if 50% of rounds land inside the circle, then 50% land outside it!



In the News

Gene Changes Linked To Deficient Immune Suppression In Multiple Sclero
Oregon Health &Science University researchers have found that multiple sclerosis patients have lower expression of the FOXP3 gene found in a subset of T-cells that may regulate defense against MS and other autoimmune diseases. They say when FOXP3 is reduced due to abnormalities in expression, the suppressive activity of regulatory T-cells also plummets. But in a separate study, a T-cell receptor peptide vaccine called NeuroVax was shown to increase FOXP3 expression among MS patients.

Bonuses Boost Performance 10 Times More Than Merit Raises
Giving a 1 percent raise boosts performance by roughly 2 percent, but offering that same money instead in the form of a bonus for a job well done should improve job performance by almost 20 percent, finds a new Cornell study.

Duke, Woods Hole Geologists Discover 'Clockwork' Motion By Ocean Floor
A team of geologists from Duke University and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has discovered a grinding, coordinated ballet of crustal "microplates"unfolding below the equatorial east Pacific Ocean within a construction zone for new seafloor.

Anti-Bullying Law Proposed
A social networking site is fertile ground for teenagers to slag each other. Violence can ensue and now some legislators want a law making online bullying illegal. By the Associated Press.

Beer's On Tap For Binge Drinkers
Beer is the beverage of choice for most adult binge drinkers, according to a new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The beverage preferences of excessive drinkers are important to public health because binge drinking is a common problem in the United States and because binge drinkers -- and those around them -- are especially vulnerable to alcohol-related problems, said one of the researchers.

Researchers Find New Learning Strategy
Central to being human is the ability to adapt: we learn from our mistakes. Previous theories of learning have assumed that the size of learning naturally scales with the size of the mistake. But now biomedical engineers at Washington University in St. Louis have shown that people can use alternative strategies: Learning does not necessarily scale proportionally with error.

Planet Earth May Have 'Tilted' To Keep Its Balance, Say Scientists
Princeton scientists have found evidence bolstering a 140-year-old theory regarding the way the Earth might restore its own balance if an unequal distribution of weight ever developed in its interior or on its surface.

Scientists Create, Study Methane Hydrates In 'Ocean Floor' Lab
Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have recreated the high-pressure, low-temperature conditions of the seafloor in a tabletop apparatus for the study of methane-hydrates, an abundant but currently out-of-reach source of natural gas trapped within sediments below the ocean floor.

A Balanced Memory Network
Ever wonder how much information we put in our heads? The answer: a lot. For starters, a typical vocabulary is 50,000-250,000 words. And then there are all the little details that stretch back decades -- the house we grew up in, the time we spilled orange juice on our test back in third grade, the solution to a quadratic equation (for some of us). So where do we put it all? If we had hard drives in our heads, the answer would be easy: we would store memories as 0s and 1s.

In the Chips: AMD to Buy ATI
Planned $5.4 billion buyout gives Advanced Micro Devices ammo in its battle against rival chipmaker Intel.


MP3 Music Downloads

Preview songs, Download Free Music,Burn CDs at ITunes.com
iTunes_RGB_9mm

 


Google




InformationQuickFind.com - Find Information Fast

Links