Civilian

A civilian is a person who is not a member of a military. Under the Fourth Geneva Convention it is a war crime to deliberately attack a non-combatant civilian or wantonly and unnecessarily destroy or take the property of a civilian.

However, civilian property may be destroyed in pursuit of a military objective; civilian property may be seized for military use; and collateral damage is an accepted part of war.

In practice, the neat division between combatants and non-combatants implicit in such treaties can get very blurry, particularly in guerilla warfare where the guerillas receive the support of the local population. It is sometimes argued that the division between civilian and military and the abhorrence towards attacks on civilians is a reflection of Western attitudes to war, and that other societies do not make such distinctions but find other aspects of Western-style warfare abhorrent (such as strategic bombing).

See also: Laws of war, combatant.


A civilian is also the name given to a jurist or jurisdiction of the civil law as in civilian jurisdiction.


In the News

Poor Sleep Not A Normal Part Of Aging
Researchers outline five basic steps to help doctors identify and treat insomnia in elderly patients. This article is published in a special insomnia themed supplement of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

In Fruit Flies, Homosexuality Is Biological But Not Hard-wired, Study
Neurobiologists have discovered that homosexuality in fruit flies is controlled by a novel regulator of synapse strength. By harnessing this discovery, the researchers are able to use either genetics or drugs to turn fly homosexual behavior on and off within hours.

Snowshoe Magazine
The website for this publication contains information about recreational snowshoeing and snowshoe racing. The "First-Timer's Guide"discusses snowshoes, other gear, and where to snowshoe. The site also includes selected articles about snowshoeing topics, an events calendar, and photos.

Gravely Gorgeous: Gargoyles, Grotesques &the Nineteenth-Century Imagin
This site is a companion to an exhibit about the admiration by Victorians of the Gothic style of architectural decoration of cathedrals, which featured gargoyles ("decorative waterspouts that preserve stonework") and grotesques (that "serve a variety of other practical and ornamental functions, as corbels or capitals, for instance"). Includes a gallery of images and a glossary. From the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library.

UBC Scientists Co-ordinate Mapping Of Killer Fungus Genome
Scientists are a step closer to developing drug targets to treat fungal meningitis -- the infection linked to at least three deaths on Vancouver Island -- thanks to the sequencing of two Cryptococcus genomes by an international team that included researchers at the University of British Columbia and the BC Cancer Agency's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre in Vancouver.

Radiation Helps Eye Cancer Patients Beat The Disease, Retain Vision
Doctors in the United Kingdom have determined that patients suffering from cancer affecting their eye can usually avoid visual handicap, loss of the eye and spread of the disease by receiving proton beam radiation therapy, according to a new study published in the August 1, 2005 issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, the official journal of ASTRO, the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

Are You Ready? An In-depth Guide to Citizen Preparedness
This guide "provides a step-by-step approach to disaster preparedness by walking the reader through how to get informed about local emergency plans, how to identify hazards that affect their local area, and how to develop and maintain an emergency communications plan and disaster supplies kit. Other topics covered include evacuation, emergency public shelters, animals in disaster, and information specific to people with disabilities."From the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

Ground-Breaking Research Into Effect Of Millimetric Waveband (MMW) Fre
Ground-breaking research in understanding the characteristics of human skin at millimetric waveband (MMW) frequencies is being conducted at Cranfield University -- academic partner to the Royal Military College of Science at Shrivenham, Oxfordshire.

Online Gaming, Italian Style
Italians have played lottery games for centuries. Now the state-run business is ported to the web to save a trip to the cafe to buy tickets, but that doesn't mean it's easier to play. Nicole Martinelli reports from Milan.

Radical 'Ballistic Computing' Chip Bounces Electrons Around Like Billi
Computer designers at the University of Rochester are going ballistic. "Everyone has been trying to make better transistors by modifying current designs, but what we really need is the next paradigm,"says the inventor of the "Ballistic Deflection Transistor,"and it's as far from traditional transistors as tubes. Instead of pushing electrons as if they were a current, the ballistic design bounces individual electrons off deflectors as if playing a game of atomic billiards.


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