Cloud forcing

Cloud forcing is the difference between the radiation budget components for average cloud conditions and cloud-free conditions.

Roughly speaking, clouds increase the albedo from 15 to 30%, which results in a reduction of absorbed solar radiation of about 50 W/m^2. This cooling is offset somewhat by the greenhouse effect of clouds which reduces the OLR by about 30 W/m^2, so the net cloud forcing of the radiation budget is a loss of about 20 W/m^2. Were the clouds to be removed with all else remaining the same, the Earth would gain this last amount in net radiation and begin to warm up.



In the News

The Myelodysplastic Syndromes Foundation
"MDS, or myelodysplastic syndromes, is a collection of disorders in which the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells. ... MDS is not considered a cancer. However, some forms of MDS can progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a type of cancer."The site for this "international organization devoted to the prevention, treatment, and study of the myelodysplastic syndromes"features a FAQ, information for patients, lists of international trials, and links to related sites.

LII New This Week: The Blurb
This week, in our debut newsletter on the new site, learn about funk, Harriet Miers, poetry, ex-pat voting, California's special election, the Japanese prime minister, Botox, the nutritional data of candy, hours of viewing pleasure with independent films, the 50th anniversary of "Howl,"and olives galore. We at LII hope you find these sites useful. -- Librarian-editors Karen, Wendy, Jennifer, Maria, Pat, Tom, and Charlotte.

The California Backyard Orchard: Pomegranates
Collection of resources on pomegranates, with an emphasis on growing the fruit in California. Discusses planting, fertilization, pruning, training, diseases, and varieties suited to different areas of the state. Provides information for pomegranates as home garden and agricultural crops. From the UC Fruit &Nut Research and Information Center, University of California, Davis.

[Ironic] Professional beggars prowling about the streets of Moroccan c
The government plans to crack down on the scam used by faux beggars in growing numbers for a kind of "emotional blackmail", a cabinet minister was quoted as saying...

Living to 100 and Beyond: Search for Predictors of Exceptional Human L
This 2005 research paper "explores possible predictors of exceptional human longevity such as familial factors, early-life living conditions, month-of-birth, and birth order."Includes data tables and a bibliography. From the Center on Aging at the University of Chicago; sponsored by the Committee on Life Insurance Research of the Society of Actuaries.

Wired Magazine: On iTunes, a Careless Click May Buy You an Imposter
Caveat internemptor! If you've been into the sauce, you may unwittingly get a Red Sauce cover (or re-record) instead of the original you desire.

Adult Lifestyle Biggest Risk Factor For Diabetes, Study Finds
ADULT lifestyle - not childhood experience as previously thought - has the biggests influence on your chances of developing Type 2 diabetes in later life according to new research by the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, whose findings contradict previously-held beliefs.

UT Southwestern Lead Site For Study Of A New Multiple Sclerosis Drug
UT Southwestern Medical Center is the lead research site testing a new treatment for a rare form of multiple sclerosis. Called "primary progressive,"this type of MS affects about 15 percent of patients with the neurodegenerative disease.

US Watersheds: Underlying Geodynamic Processes And Human Impacts Consi
Two papers in the August-September issue of Geosphere consider watersheds in the US. The Yellowstone watershed is unique because of its changing discharge values over the twentieth century, as well as its overall lower scaled discharges with drainage areas. Climatic trends that control the timing of winter snowpack melting, increased frequency and intensity of forest fires, and increased human consumptive water use in downstream areas may all contribute to the observed behavior in discharges for the Yellowstone watershed.

Severely Mentally Ill At High Risk For Cardiovascular Disease
Although mortality from cardiovascular disease has declined in the US over the past several decades, patients with severe psychiatric illness are not enjoying the benefits of that progress.


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