East Timor

The Democratic Republic of East Timor or Timor-Leste is an island nation in southeastern Asia, consisting of the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecussi-Ambeno, a political exclave of East Timor situated on the western side of the island, surrounded by West Timor.

Formerly controlled by neighbouring Indonesia, East Timor achieved independence on May 20, 2002. When East Timor joined the United Nations in 2002, it decided to be officially referred to by its Portuguese name, Timor-Leste, as opposed to its English name.

Timor Lorosa'e
Timor-Leste     
(In Detail)
National motto: "Honra, Pátria e Povo"
(Portuguese: Honour, Country and People)
Official languages Tetum and Portuguese
Capital Dili
President Xanana Gusmão
Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri
Area
 - Total
 - % water
Ranked 154th
15,007 km²
Negligible
Population
 - Total (2002)
 - Density
Ranked 153rd
952,618
53,79/km²
Independence
 - Declared
 - Recognised
From Portugal
November 28, 1975
May 20, 2002
Currency US dollar
Time zone UTC +9
National anthem Pátria
Internet TLD .TP
Calling Code670

Table of contents
1 History
2 Politics
3 Districts
4 Geography
5 Economy
6 Demographics
7 Culture
8 Miscellaneous topics
9 External links

History

Main article: History of East Timor

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in the area in the 16th century and they established an isolated presence on the island of Timor, while the surrounding islands came under Dutch control. Portuguese Timor declared itself independent on November 28, 1975, but was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later, before such independence could be internationally recognised. The territory was subsequently declared the 27th province of Indonesia in July 1976 as Timor Timur. However, internationally, its legal status was that of a "non-self governing territory under Portuguese administration".

During the following guerilla war an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 persons lost their lives. On August 30, 1999, in a United Nations-supervised popular referendum, the East Timorese voted for full independence from Indonesia, but violent clashes, instigated primarily by anti-independence militias (aided by elements of the Indonesian military), broke out soon afterwards. UN peacekeepers led by Australia were brought in to restore order. Independence was internationally recognised on May 20, 2002 and East Timor joined the UN on September 27 of that year.

See also: UN Transitional Administration in East Timor

Politics

Main article: Politics of East Timor

Head of state of the East Timorese republic is the president, who is elected by popular vote for a five-year term and whose role is largely symbolic, though he is able to veto some legislation. Following legislative elections, the president appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or majority coalition. As head of government the prime minister presides over the Council of State or cabinet.

The unicameral Timorese parliament is the National Parliament or Parlamento Nacional, whose members are also elected by popular vote to a five-year term. The number of seats can vary from a minimum of 52 to a maximum of 65, though it exceptionally has 88 members at present, due to this being its first term of office. The Timorese constitution was modelled on that of Portugal. The country is still in the process of building its administration and governmental institutions.

Districts

Main article: Districts of East Timor

East Timor is subdivided into 13 administrative districts:

Geography

Main article:
Geography of East Timor

Timor is the Malay word for "Orient" and the island of Timor is part of the Indonesian archipelago and the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. To the north of the mountainous island is found the Banda Sea, to the south the Timor Sea separates the island from Australia, while to the west lies the Savu Sea. The highest point of East Timor is Mount Tatamailau at 2,963 m.

The local climate is tropical and generally hot and humid, characterised by distinct rainy and dry seasons. The capital, largest city and main port of East Timor is Dili, second-largest is the town of Baucau, which has the only significant airport of the country.

Economy

Main article: Economy of East Timor

Prior to and during colonisation Timor was best known for its sandalwood. In late 1999, about 70% of the economic infrastructure of East Timor was laid waste by Indonesian troops and anti-independence militias, and 260,000 people fled westward. Over the next three years, however, a massive international programme, manned by 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and 1,300 police officers, led to substantial reconstruction in both urban and rural areas. By mid-2002, all but about 50,000 of the refugees had returned.

The country faces great challenges in continuing the rebuilding of infrastructure and the strengthening of the infant civil administration. One promising long-term project is the joint development with Australia of oil and natural gas resources in the southeastern waters off Timor, a location known as the Timor gap.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of East Timor

The East Timorese population, which is collectively known as the Maubere, an originally derogatory name that was turned into a name of pride by the resistance movement, consists of a number of distinct ethnic groups, most of which are of Malay descent and some of older Papuan stock. There is also a small ethnic Chinese minority.

The population is predominantly Roman Catholic (90%), with sizable Muslim (5%) and Protestant (3%) minorities. Smaller Hindu, Buddhist and animist minorities make up the remainder. East Timor's two official languages are Tetum, a local Austronesian language, and Portuguese. Indonesian and English are defined as working languages under the Constitution.

Culture

Main article:
Culture of East Timor

See also: Music of East Timor

Miscellaneous topics

External links


Community of Portuguese Language Countries  |  Countries of the world  |  Asia



In the News

Dual Simulation Improves Crash Performance
Crash tests often produce startling results. A new simulation process which factors in deformation during production as well as preliminary damage can predict the results of a crash test more accurately than ever.

Shift working aggravates metabolic syndrome development among middle-a
Metabolic syndrome management is an important health issue in modern workplaces. In terms of workplace health management, both hazard exposures and the baseline health condition of workers should be evaluated. A five-year follow-up study for metabolic syndrome development was conducted in Taiwan for male workers. A significant association between shift work exposure and development of metabolic syndrome was found among male workers.

USC Researchers Track Down The Stem Cells That Create Feathers
The stem cells that produce bird feathers have been visualized and analyzed for the first time, signifying the initial step in a scientific journey that may ultimately shed light on human organ regeneration. The research, published in the December 15 issue of the journal Nature, was performed by a group of prominent stem-cell researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California.

Senior Drivers Less Likely Than Youngest Drivers To Cause Accidents, S
Drivers 65 and older are just one-third as likely as drivers 15 to 24 to cause auto accidents, and not much more likely than drivers 25 to 64 to cause accidents, according to a new study.

Glial cells can cross from the central to the peripheral nervous syste

Melanoma: Gene Signature Spells Poor Outcome
Other than visually inspecting the disease, doctors have no genetic blueprint to classify melanomas, a lethal form of skin cancer. Tumors generally are ranked by how deeply the growth has invaded underlying skin tissue. The deeper it burrows into the skin, the more lethal the cancer, but some patients defy the odds and survive with thick tumors or die from thin ones.

Existing Drugs May Be Useful In Treating Brain Tumors, Study Suggests
Scientists have shown how developing brain tumors can turn an encounter with a signaling molecule from a fatal experience for the tumor cells into a cue for their own growth and multiplication. The transformation relies on two molecules that can be modified with existing drugs, opening the possibility of using them to treat brain tumors.

'Cold fusion' moves closer to mainstream acceptance
"Cold fusion," a controversial energy source once relegated to the scientific equivalent of banishment to Siberia, is now moving closer toward acceptance by the mainstream scientific community, as evidenced by a special two-day symposium at the American Chemical Society's 239th National Meeting.

Rants: What Motivates Teachers?
The furor over Steve Jobs' speech on education reform refuses to simmer down. Plus: Links to our most popular blog posts.

TRAF3 Protein Is A Key Part Of The Early Immune Response To Viruses
A protein called TRAF3, with a previously unknown job in immune cells, is actually a key part of a mechanism that triggers release of anti-virus molecules called type I interferons (IFNs) as part of the body's rapid response against these invaders, according to investigators that include a scientist continuing this work at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.




MP3 Music Downloads

Preview songs, Download Free Music,Burn CDs at ITunes.com
iTunes_RGB_9mm

 


Google




InformationQuickFind.com - Find Information Fast

Links | Privacy Policy | News |