Luanda

Luanda ("Loo-AN-dah") is the largest city (1995 est. pop. 3 million) and capital of Angola in Africa. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, it is both Angola's chief seaport and administrative centre.

Manufactures include processed foods, beverages, textiles, cement and other construction materials, plastic products, metalware, cigarettes, and shoes. Petroleum, found nearby, is refined in the city although this facility has been repeatedly damaged during the civil war. Luanda has an excellent natural harbour, and the chief exports are coffee, cotton, sugar, diamonds, iron, and salt. However, the economy of Luanda continues to be severely disrupted by the ongoing military conflicts in Angola.

The inhabitants of Luanda are primarily members of African ethnic groups, including the Ovimbundu, Kimbundu and Bakongo tribes. The official language is Portuguese, although many Bantu-related indigenous languages are spoken. There is a very small population of European origin.

History

Founded in 1575 by the Portuguese as São Paulo de Luanda, the city has been the administrative centre of Angola since 1627 (except for 1640–1648). From c.1550 to c.1850 it was the center of a large slave trade to Brazil.

After Angolan independence (1975), much of the city's large Portuguese population left and was replaced by large numbers of Cubans, many of them soldiers. It is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop. It is also the location of the University of Angola, the 17th-century Fort of São Miguel, and the Governor's Palace.



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Marking Five Years Since 9/11
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Turn Off The TV During Family Meals
September and October mark the start of television's new fall season as the premieres of new shows and old favorites hit the airwaves. But, University of Minnesota researchers found that watching television while eating family meals may have a negative impact on children's diets. School of Public Health Project EAT researchers found that children in families who watched TV while eating meals together had a lower-quality diet than the children of families who ate together, but turned the TV off. Boys watching TV while eating family meals consumed fewer vegetables and grains, and more soft drinks, than those who did not watch TV; girls watching TV ate significantly fewer dark vegetables and more fried food.

Einstein's Big Idea
Companion website to a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Nova program about "the story behind the world's most famous equation": energy equals mass times the speed of light squared (E =mc&178). The site features an essay explaining this 1905 equation that "says that energy and mass (matter) are interchangeable,"information about scientists whose experiments paved the way for Albert Einstein, an audio clip of Einstein explaining the equation, links to related sites, materials for library activities, and much more.




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