Metabolism

In biology, metabolism refers to all of an organism's chemical processes. Most commonly, this refers to the digestion of food, and to the disposal of wastes.

Each living cell has a metabolism (cell metabolism), as well as multicellular organisms like plants, animals and humans have a "total" metabolism that can differ from that of the individual cells. The metabolic pathways form a two-part process - one part is called catabolism - when the body uses food for energy. The other is called anabolism - when the body uses food to build or mend cells.

The halt of metabolism in a living organism is usually defined as its death. Some organisms can reduce their metabolism to almost zero for certain periods of time. Spores of fungi can survive thousands of years in that state. But every lifeform is bound to have metabolism at some point of its life cycle, with the possible exception of viruses, which use their hosts' metabolism.

The correct definition of metabolism is almost as difficult as the definition of life. For example, according to the definition above, fire has a metabolism, too (it "eats", for example, wood, converts it to heat, and disposes ashes).

Unusual Metabolisms

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In the News

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Scientists Find Atomic Clues To Tougher Ceramics
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Dietary Counseling Results In Weight Loss Of Approximately Six Percent
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Consumer and Media Alert: The Small Print That's Devastating Major Con
This 2003 article discusses the use of mandatory arbitration clauses (which preclude a resort to a court of law) to govern the resolution of disputes arising under many types of consumer contracts. The article notes that such clauses may appear in "loans, phone bills, home construction and repair contracts, stock brokerage agreements, pest-control contracts, bank depositors' agreements, college loans, mobile home purchases, [and] employment agreements."From the National Consumer Law Center (NCLC).

Poison + Water = Hydrogen. New Microbial Genome Shows How
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Field Of Beams: Novel System Uses Polarized Light Pulses To Reveal Cro
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Review: BlackBerry 8700c Electron
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The National Book Foundation
This organization's programs include National Book Month (held in October) and the National Book Awards (announced in mid-November). The site features lists of award winners from 1950 to present (some with links to essays and acceptance speeches), reading lists and trivia for National Book Month, special features, and information about the organization's other programs and publications.

Neanderthal Genome Sequencing Yields Surprising Results And Opens A Ne
The veil of mystery surrounding our extinct hominid cousins, the Neanderthals, has been at least partially lifted to reveal surprising results. Scientists with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) have sequenced genomic DNA from fossilized Neanderthal bones.

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