2 : vols., 1878 and 1880, to Hegel and Herbart inclusive) accentuates the connection of <a href="http://www.informationquickfind.com/p/ph/philosophy_1.html">philosophy</a> with general culture and the particular sciences, and emphasizes philosophical method. This work is pleasant reading, yet, in the interest of clearness, we could wish that the author had given more of positive information concerning the content of the doctrines treated, instead of merely advancing reflections on them. A projected third volume is to trace the development of <a href="http://www.informationquickfind.com/p/ph/philosophy_1.html">philosophy</a> down to the present time. Windelband's compendium, Geschichte der Philosophie, 1890-91, is distinguished from other expositions by the fact that, for the most part, it confines itself to a history of problems. Baumann's _Geschichte der Philosophie_, 1890, aims to give a detailed account of those thinkers only who have advanced views individual either in their content or in their proof. Eduard Zeller has given his _Geschichte der deutschen Philosophie seit Leibniz_ (1873; 2d ed., 1875) the benefit of the same thorough and comprehensive knowledge and mature judgment which have made his Philosophie der Griechen a classic. [Bowen's Modern Philosophy, New York, 1857 (6th ed., 1891); Royce's Spirit of Modern Philosophy, 1892.--TR.]

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2 vols., 1878 and 1880, to Hegel and Herbart inclusive) accentuates the connection of philosophy with general culture and the particular sciences, and emphasizes philosophical method. This work is pleasant reading, yet, in the interest of clearness, we could wish that the author had given more of positive information concerning the content of the doctrines treated, instead of merely advancing reflections on them. A projected third volume is to trace the development of philosophy down to the present time. Windelband's compendium, Geschichte der Philosophie, 1890-91, is distinguished from other expositions by the fact that, for the most part, it confines itself to a history of problems. Baumann's Geschichte der Philosophie, 1890, aims to give a detailed account of those thinkers only who have advanced views individual either in their content or in their proof. Eduard Zeller has given his Geschichte der deutschen Philosophie seit Leibniz (1873; 2d ed., 1875) the benefit of the same thorough and comprehensive knowledge and mature judgment which have made his Philosophie der Griechen a classic. [Bowen's Modern Philosophy, New York, 1857 (6th ed., 1891); Royce's Spirit of Modern Philosophy, 1892.--TR.]

Eugen Dühring's hypercritical Kritische Geschichte der Philosophie (1869; 3d ed., 1878) can hardly be recommended to students. Lewes (German translation, 1876) assumes a positivistic standpoint; Thilo (1874), a position exclusively Herbartian; A. Stoeckl (3d ed., 1889) writes from the standpoint of confessional Catholicism; Vincenz Knauer (2d ed., 1882) is a Güntherian. With the philosophico-historical work of Chr. W. Sigwart (1854), and one of the same date by Oischinger, we are not intimately acquainted.

Expositions of philosophy since Kant have been given by the Hegelian, C.L. Michelet (a larger one in 2 vols., 1837-38, and a smaller one, 1843); by Chalybaeus (1837; 5th ed., 1860, formerly very popular and worthy of it, English, 1854); by Fr. K. Biedermann (1842-43); by Carl Fortlage (1852, Kantio-Fichtean standpoint); and by Friedrich Harms (1876). The last of these writers unfortunately did not succeed in giving a sufficiently clear and precise, not to say tasteful, form to the valuable ideas and original conceptions in which his work is rich. The very popular exposition by an anonymous author of Hegelian tendencies, Deutschlands Denker seit Kant (Dessau, 1851), hardly deserves mention.

Further, we may mention some of the works which treat the historical development of particular subjects: On the history of the philosophy of religion, the first volume of Otto Pfleiderer's _Religionsphilosophie auf geschichtlicher Grundlage (2d ed., 1883;--English translation by Alexander Stewart and Allan Menzies, 1886-88.--TR.), and the very trustworthy exposition by Bernhard Pünjer (2 vols., 1880, 1883; English translation by

Hastie, vol. i., 1887.--TR.). On the history of practical philosophy, besides the first volume of I.H. Fichte's Ethik (1850), Franz Vorländer's _Geschichte der philosophischen Moral, Rechts- und Staatslehre der Engländer und Franzosen_ (1855); Fr. Jodl, _Geschichte der Ethik in der neueren Philosophie_ (2 vols., 1882, 1889), and Bluntschli, _Geschichte der neueren Staatswissenschaft_ (3d ed., 1881); [Sidgwick's _Outlines of the History of Ethics_, 3d ed., 1892, and Martineau's _Types of Ethical Theory_, 3d ed., 1891.--TR.]. On the history of the _philosophy of history_: Rocholl, Die Philosophie der Geschichte, 1878; Richard Fester, Rousseau und die deutsche Geschichtsphilosophie, 1890 [Flint, _The Philosophy of History in Europe_, vol. i., 1874, complete in 3 vols., 1893 seq.]. On the history of aesthetics, R. Zimmermann, 1858; H. Lotze, 1868; Max Schasler, 1871; Ed. von Hartmann (since Kant), 1886; Heinrich von Stein, Die Entstehung der neueren Aesthetik (1886); [Bosanquet, _A History of Aesthetic_, 1892.--TR.]. Further, Fr. Alb. Lange, _Geschichte des Materialismus_, 1866; 4th ed., 1882; [English translation by E.C. Thomas, 3 vols., 1878-81.--TR.]; Jul. Baumann, _Die Lehren von Raum, Zeit und Mathematik in der neueren Philosophie_, 1868-69; Edm. König, _Die Entwickelung des Causalproblems von Cartesius bis Kant_, 1888, _seit Kant_, 1890; Kurd Lasswitz, _Geschichte der Atomistik vom Mittelalter bis Newton_, 2 vols., 1890; Ed. Grimm, _Zur Geschichte des Erkenntnissproblems, von Bacon zu Hume_, 1890. The following works are to be recommended on the period of transition: Moritz Carrière, _Die philosophische Weltanschauung der Reformationszeit_, 1847; 2d ed., 1887; and Jacob Burckhardt, _Kultur der Renaissance in Italien_, 4th ed., 1886. Reference may also be made to

Trendelenburg, Historische Beiträge zur Philosophie, 3 vols., 1846-67; Rudolph Eucken, Geschichte und Kritik der Grundbegriffe der Gegenwart, 1878; [English translation by M. Stuart Phelps, 1880.--TR.]; the same, Geschichte der philosophischen Terminologie, 1879; the same, _Beiträge zur Geschichte der neueren Philosophie_, 1886 (including a valuable paper on parties and party names in philosophy); the same, _Die Lebensanschauungen der grossen Denker_, 1890; Ludwig Noack, Philosophiegeschichtliches Lexicon, 1879; Ed. Zeller, _Vorträge und Abhandlungen_, three series, 1865-84; Chr. von Sigwart, Kleine Schriften,

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