In the News
Losses Of Long-established Genes Contribute To Human Evolution
While it is well understood that the evolution of new genes leads to adaptations that help species survive, gene loss may also afford a selective advantage. Scientists identified 26 losses of long-established genes, including 16 that were not previously known. Next they compared the identified genes in the complete genomes of the human, chimpanzee, rhesusmonkey, mouse, rat, dog, and opossum to estimate the amount of time the gene was functional before it was lost. This refined the timing of the gene loss and also served as a benchmark for whether the gene in question was long-established, and therefore probably functional, or merely a loss of a redundant gene copy. Through this process, they found 6 genes that were lost only in the human. Discarded Placentas Deliver Researchers Promising Cells Similar To Emb
Routinely discarded as medical waste, placentas could feasibly provide an abundant source of cells with the same potential to treat diseases and regenerate tissues as their more controversial counterparts, embryonic stem cells, suggests a University of Pittsburgh study to be published in the journal Stem Cellsand available now as an early online publication in Stem Cells Express. Tiny RNA has big impact on lung cancer tumors
Researchers reversed the growth of lung tumors in mice using a naturally occurring tumor suppressor microRNA. The study reveals that a tiny bit of RNA may one day play a big role in cancer treatment, and provides hope for future patients battling one of the most prevalent and difficult to treat cancers. Vascular Biologists Make A Significant Discovery In Neurobiology
Researchers investigating blood vessels have hit upon a new discovery in neurobiology that could have implications for patients experiencing peripheral nerve disorders. The research reports on the previously unknown expression and function of a particular cell adhesion molecule, junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C), in peripheral nerves. New hand bacteria study holds promise for forensics identification
Forensic scientists may soon have a valuable new item in their toolkits -- a way to identify individuals using unique, telltale types of hand bacteria left behind on objects like keyboards and computer mice, says a new study. Overall Antarctic Snowfall Hasn't Changed In 50 Years
For an animated graphic of snowfall variability across Antarctica and over time and b-roll of the U.S. ITASE traverse on Betacam SP, contact Dena Headlee.The most precise record of Antarctic snowfall ever generated shows there has been no real increase in precipitation over the southernmost continent in the past half-century, even though most computer models assessing global climate change call for an increase in Antarctic precipitation as atmospheric temperatures rise. First-ever Genetic Animal Model Of Autism
By introducing a gene mutation in mice, investigators have created what they believe to be the first accurate model of autism not associated with a broader neuropsychiatric syndrome, according to new research. Scientists Develop New, Molecular Approach To Early Cancer Detection
Scientists have pioneered a new approach to detecting cancer cells, one that could eventually allow doctors to discover many malignancies earlier than currently possible. When Transit Card Is Cell Phone
A Finnish company experiments with cell phones that can be used as travel cards to get through the turnstile and jump on on transit systems. How long before handset-based RFID takes over the world? In Gear Factor. Engineering Lab Helping Ensure Safety Of Minibuses
Minibuses are a fairly common sight on the roads of many American communities. Public transit and social service agencies, among others, often use the 16- to 20-seat vehicles in order to provide access to public transportation to people with disabilities, as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. It may come as something of a surprise, then, that minibuses buses in the United States are exempt from Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, the rules developed to ensure occupants'safety during vehicular accidents and to minimize the severity of their injuries.
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