Record

Record is (as a noun) any set of data kept, and (as a verb) to set down data to be kept. Such data may be writing, audio, digital, or other media.

For the sound recording type of record that spins on a turntable, known as a phonograph record in American English and a gramophone record in British English, see analogue disc record.

In computer science, a record can be any of at least two different things.

The most common meaning is simply "an item in a database". There is a wide variety of such "records", but the most common type (the one relational databases support) is an instance of the other kind of record.

The other meaning of "record" is "an aggregation of several items of possibly different types", with the implication that there are many records containing the same types of items. C calls these "structs"; object-oriented languages often keep their records hidden inside "objects", or "class instances"; languages in the ML family have their tuples. COBOL was the first programming language to support records directly; Algol got it from COBOL, and Pascal got it, more or less indirectly, from Algol.

A record is also an extreme value that would be considered worthy of recording for posterity, e.g. in sports, weather, economics, etc. See world record for more examples.

In law, the record of a court case or administrative agency adjudication normally consists of the transcript or minutes of the proceedings, any exhibits introduced in evidence at the hearing or trial, and any motion papers filed in the case. When an appeal is taken, the appellate court reviews the decision of the trial court based on the record on appeal which consists of the record of the case from the trial court or some subset of that record. Where the original record is missing, a hearing may have to be held to reconstruct the record on appeal. Nowadays, this is rare, but was common in past centuries before stenographic equipment came into use, when transcripts of trials were not always made. (See also court of record.)



In the News

Children Who Are Spanked Have Lower IQs, New Research Finds
Children who are spanked have lower IQs worldwide, including in the United States, according to groundbreaking new research.

First Giant Anteater Born At The National Zoo
A giant anteater was born at the Smithsonian's National Zoo the morning of Tuesday, July 24--a first in the Zoo's 118-year history. Anteaters have sticky tongues that can extend up to two feet long. Their tongues help them collect insects--they can eat up to 30,000 ants a day.

Real-time Traffic Routing From The Comfort Of Your Car
Engineers have developed a system for taking anonymous cell-phone location information and turning it into an illuminated traffic map that identifies congestion in real time. The system takes advantage of the steady stream of positioning cues -- untraced signals all cell phones produce, whether in use or not, as they seek towers with the strongest signals. It is the first traffic-solution technology that monitors patterns on rural roads and city streets as easily as on highways.

Quick Rebound From Marine Mass Extinction Event, New Findings Show
Researchers have done the most detailed analysis ever of a layer of sediments deposited during and immediately after the asteroid impact 65 million years ago that wiped out the dinosaurs and 80 percent of Earth's marine life. They found that at least some forms of microscopic marine life -- the so-called "primary producers," or photosynthetic organisms such as algae and cyanobacteria in the ocean -- had recovered within about a century after the mass extinction.

Sony BMG Last Major Label to Drop Music Copy Protection
The company will begin selling music downloads in the MP3 format, at least in North America. Sony says it has no plans to drop copy protection elsewhere.

Study Questions Impact Of Hemoglobin Variations On Mortality In Dialys
For patients with dialysis-related anemia, the risk of death is increased when hemoglobin levels remain persistently low over a period several months -- not necessarily when they fluctuate over time, according to a new study.

Scientists Solve Structure Of NMDA Receptor Unit That Could Be Drug Ta
Scientists report success in solving the molecular structure of a key portion of a cellular receptor implicated in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other serious illnesses.

Compound found to safely counter deadly bird flu
A study suggests that a new compound, one on the threshold of final testing in humans, may be more potent and safer for treating "bird flu" than the antiviral drug best known by the trade name Tamiflu.

International Network of Street Papers (INSP)
INSP "unites street papers sold by homeless and people living in poverty from all over the world."The INSP website features interviews with editors of street newspapers in various countries, news from INSP member newspapers, a section that shares perspectives from people who sell street newspapers, and links to street newspaper and related websites. Some content only available to members.

[Ironic] An Italian pensioner committed suicide after his wife fell in
Recalling the end of Romeo and Juliet, the 70-year-old man, Ettore, who had sat by his wife's bedside for four months after she slipped into a coma following a heart attack, finally gave up hope and gassed himself in the garage of his family home.Less than a day later, his wife, Rossana, woke up in her hospital bed in Padua and immediately asked for him.




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