Renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma, a form of kidney cancer that involves cancerous changes in the cells of the renal tubule, is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults

Table of contents
1 Causes
2 Symptoms
3 Treatment
4 Expectations (prognosis)
5 Complications
6 External Link

Causes

Renal cell carcinoma affects about three in 10,000 people, resulting in about 31,000 new cases in the UNited States|US]] per year. Every year, about 12,000 people in the US die from renal cell carcinoma. It is more common in men than women, usually affecting men older than 55.

Why the cells become cancerous is not known. A history of smoking greatly increases the risk for developing renal cell carcinoma. Some people may also have inherited an increased risk to develop renal cell carcinoma, and a family history of kidney cancer increases the risk.

People with von Hippel-Lindau disease, a hereditary disease that affects the capillaries of the brain, commonly also develop renal cell carcinoma. Kidney disorders that require dialysis for treatment also increase the risk for developing renal cell carcinoma.

The first symptom is usually blood in the urine. Sometimes both kidneys are involved. The cancer metastasizes (spreads) easily, most often to the lungs and other organs, and about one-third of patients have metastasis at the time of diagnosis.

Symptoms

DISCLAIMER
Please remember that Wikipedia is offered for informational use only. The information is in most cases not reviewed by professionals. You are advised to contact your doctor for health-related decisions.

Treatment

Surgical removal of all or part of the kidney (nephrectomy) is recommended. This may include removal of the bladder or surrounding tissues or lymph nodes.

Radiation therapy is not commonly used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma because it is usually not successful. Hormone treatments may reduce the growth of the tumor in some cases.

Medications such as alpha-interferon and interleukin have been successful in reducing the growth of some renal cell carcinomas, including some with metastasis. Chemotherapy may be used in some cases, but cure is unlikely unless all the cancer can be removed with surgery.

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome varies depending on the amount of metastasis. The five-year survival rate is around 60 percent to 75 percent if the tumor is in the early stages and has not spread outside the kidney. If it has metastasized to the lymph nodes, the 5-year survival is around 5 percent to 15 percent. If it has spread to other organs, the 5-year survival at less than 5 percent.

Complications

  • Hypertension
  • Metastasis (spread) of the cancer

External Link



In the News

California Underground: Our Caves and Subterranean Habitats
Use this exhibit to "explore the many kinds of caves found in California. Try out the Junior Speleologist interactives. Encounter bats and other cave creatures [and] preview teacher resources."Features diagrams and photos of underground realms in California created through various geologic and climatic forces. Includes material about "sea caves, mud caves, lava tubes, talus caves, and wind caves, as well as the typical caves in limestone and marble."From the Oakland Museum of California.

Ice Shelf Disintegration Threatens Environment, Queen's Study
The spectacular disintegration of Antarctica's "Larsen-B"Ice Shelf was unprecedented since the last ice age, according to a recent study published in Nature. And the disintegrating Antarctic ice could have huge implications for global warming and rising sea levels.

Vanishing Beetle Horns Have Surprise Function
The function of horned beetles' wild protrusions has been a matter of some consternation for biologists. Digging seemed plausible; combat and mate selection, more likely. Even Charles Darwin once weighed in on the matter, suggesting -- one imagines with some frustration -- the horns were merely ornamental. In this month's American Naturalist (Dec. 2006) and the Nov. 2006 issue of Evolution, Indiana University Bloomington scientists present an entirely new function for the horns: during their development, Onthophagus horned beetles use their young horns as a sort of can opener, helping them bust out of thick larval shells.

Intel, IBM: Transistor Overhaul
In what experts say is the most dramatic development in transistor tech since the '60s, Intel and IBM separately announce they have figured out how to reduce energy loss in microchip transistors. By the Associated Press.

OHSU Discovery Sheds Light Into How Stem Cells Become Brain Cells
Researchers discovered one key gene that appears to control how stem cells become various kinds of brain cells. The scientists wanted to determine if the process can be controlled and used as a possible therapy. What amazed them is a single gene may be responsible for this important task The finding has significant implications for the study of Parkinson's disease, brain and spinal cord injury, and other conditions or diseases.

Enhance-athon: Shoot Straighter
Old hat at first-person shooters but new to rifle ranges, Clive Thompson tries to improve his aim. The goal? Ten bull's-eyes in a row.

Two Types Of Breast Cancer Treatments Show Similar Benefit
Results from a clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of the drugs paclitaxel and docetaxel, delivered over two different dosing schedules, showed that both drugs -- regardless of the dosing schedules tested in this trial -- provided similar benefits for women with stage II or III, operable breast cancer. However, more women treated with docetaxel than with paclitaxel experienced serious side effects from their treatment.

New Drug Abuse Treatment Shows Promise
Patients who receive buprenorphine treatment for opioid addiction in an office--based setting are more likely than those receiving methadone treatment to be young men, new to drug use, and with no history of methadone treatment, Yale School of Medicine researchers report in a study published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence.

[Scary] Pregnant woman says 'maternal instinct' helped her kill attack
FORT MITCHELL, Ky. - A pregnant woman who killed her attacker said a maternal instinct helped her fight off the woman who investigators believe was after her unborn child."I do believe that I fought harder because it was for my child,"Sarah Brady told ABC's "Good Morning America"in interviews aired Sunday and Monday. "It is a maternal instinct to protect your child to the very end."Katherine Smith, 22, died Thursday after luring Brady to her apartment to pick up a package supposedly delivered to the wrong address. When Smith pulled out a knife and attacked the pregnant woman, Brady fought back, striking Smith on the head with an ash tray and stabbing her three times with her own knife, police said. Brady, 26, said she didn't know Smith before the two met at Smith's apartment and can't be certain why Smith wanted to kill her."I really am not sure what was going through her mind,"Brady told ABC. "The only thing I thought was that she was going to kill me and my child and that is the only thing that ran through my mind."

Needling Chromosomes Yields Insights Into Cell Division
By impaling individual chromosomes with glass needles one thousandth the diameter of a human hair, a Duke University graduate student has tested their "stickiness"to one another during cell division. Her uncanny surgical skills have added a piece to the large and intricate puzzle of how one cell divides into two -- a process fundamental to all organisms.




MP3 Music Downloads

Preview songs, Download Free Music,Burn CDs at ITunes.com
iTunes_RGB_9mm

 


Google




InformationQuickFind.com - Find Information Fast

Links | Privacy Policy | News |