Tory

The term Tory is a shortened alternative for Conservative in the sense of the United Kingdom Conservative Party, for which a valid alternative name is the Tory party. A similar usage for Tory exists in Canada to describe the Progressive Conservative Party. It was also used during the American Revolutionary War to refer to British Loyalists in the colonies.

Currently this term is considered to be derogatory by many British Conservatives since many UK voters associate it with uncomplimentary recollections of the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major. "Tory" is unlikely to fall from common usage, however, since newspapers find it too useful as an alternative for "Conservative" when space is limited. In Canada, the term is neutral.

History

The term originates from the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678-1681 - the Whigss (initially a insult - whiggamor, a cattle driver) were those who supported the exclusion of James II of England, James VII and II from the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland (the "Petitioners"), and the Tories (from an Irish term for an outlaw) were those who opposed it (the Abhorrers).

Discredited by its hostility and suspected disloyalty to the new Hanoverian dynasty installed in 1714, and deprived of its principal political raison d'etre by the collapse of organised opposition following the abortive Jacobite uprising of 1715, Toryism in its original form faded from the political scene, inaugurating half a century of Whig supremacy.

In the late eighteenth century the label of Tory came to be applied to believers in the right of Kings to determine the direction of the state rather than to act merely in accordance with the wishes of parliament, politicians and the powerful families who largely dominated the parliamentary system in the absence of universal suffrage, secret ballots and equal constituencies.

Applied by their opponents to Parliamentary supporters of the ministries of Lord North (1770-1782) and the younger William Pitt (1783-1801), the term came to represent the political current opposed to the Whigs and the radicalism unleashed by the American and French Revolutions.

Generally, the Tories were associated with lesser gentry and the Church of England, while Whigs were more associated with trade, money, larger land holders (or "land magnates"), expansion and tolerance. Both were still committed to the political system in place at that time. Neither group could be considered a true political party in the modern sense.

After becoming associated with repression of popular discontent in the years after 1815, the Tories underwent a fundamental transformation under the influence of Robert Peel, himself an industrialist rather than a landowner, who in his 1834 "Tamworth Manifesto" outlined a new "Conservative" philosophy of reforming ills while conserving the good.

Though Peel's supporters subsequently split from their colleagues over the issue of free trade (1846), ultimately joining the Whigs to form what would become the Liberal Party, Peel's version of the party's underlying outlook was retained by the remaining Tories, who, led by the Earl of Derby and Benjamin Disraeli, adopted his label of Conservative as the official name of their party.

Canada

In Canada the terms Blue Tory and Red Tory have long been used to describe the two wings of the Conservative and later Progressive Conservative parties.

Originally a Blue Tory was one associated with the urban business elite, while a Red Tory was a rural populist from the country's hinterland. Over time, however, the term Blue Tory has come to embody the more ideologically conservative elements in the party, while a Red Tory was a member of the more liberal wing of the party.



In the News

Scientists Use X-rays To Measure How Deep 'Deep Impact' Was
Scientists studying the Deep Impact collision using NASA's Swift satellite report that preliminary analyses of X-ray emissions indicate several tens of thousands of tons of material were released.

Wired Test 2007: Best of Test, Cine Sinners Beware of the Easy, Effici
With Vudu, just grab the remote, select a movie, agree to the rental fee (from $1 to $4, billed to your credit card), and without further ado you're watching it in HD.

'Big Five'Oil Companies Limit Exploration
The "Big Five"international oil companies are spending less money on oil exploration in real terms despite a four-fold increase in operating cash flow since the early 1990s. On the flip side, the study, "The International Oil Companies,"finds that second-tier oil companies are spending more in exploration, positioning themselves to be in better shape when it comes to future oil reserves.

EarthDay.gov
This site presents actions to take to protect our planet on Earth Day (celebrated annually in April). Provides suggested activities for home, classroom, and work settings, as well as volunteer opportunities and a children's section. Includes links to government information on energy, recycling, green building, commuting, water conservation, and related topics. Also find histories of Earth Day. A cooperative effort of U.S. government agencies.

[Funny] A referee has sent himself off in an English amateur league ma
Andy Wain had to abandon the Sunday league match between Peterborough North End and a Royal Mail side in the 63rd minute after throwing down his whistle and marching up to confront North End's keeper.

The War of Ideas: September 11 -- Five Years On
2006 news and analysis from an Australian perspective about the aftermath in the Middle East of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Includes articles, narrated slideshows, and sound clips relating to Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestinian territories. From the Sydney Morning Herald.

Flexible Photovoltaic Cells
The Inasmet Technology Centre has participated in the METAFLEX project. The aim of this project is to research photovoltaic solar cells to use in building, transport and space sectors.

Genomic Tests Improve Prediction Of Breast Cancer Response To Chemothe
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have developed two genomic tests to better predict how breast cancer patients will respond to chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.

75th AnniversarySalute to FDR
"On Monday, July 2, 2007 the Museum of Broadcast Communications held their '75th Anniversary Salute to FDR.' ... The Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University [in Chicago] was transformed into the convention floor of 1932."Here you can watch the re-creation of Franklin Delano Roosevelt accepting his first presidential nomination (in his "New Deal"speech) by actor Robert Vaughn, and reflections by current news commentators. From the Museum of Broadcast Communication (MBC).

Would a Rose Not Smell as Sweet?: Problems Stem From the Cut Flower In
This paper addresses environmental health issues associated with pesticides in the cut flower industry. Discusses studies related to diseases associated with pesticide exposure and health and safety conditions in the floriculture trade, regulation and certification efforts, and related topics. From Environmental Health Perspectives, a peer-reviewed publication of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.


MP3 Music Downloads

Preview songs, Download Free Music,Burn CDs at ITunes.com
iTunes_RGB_9mm

 

Google




InformationQuickFind.com - Find Information Fast

Links